Improving vegetable tannins chemistry: A remarkable advancement in salt-free high tannin fixation

Traditional tanning practices often result in harmful waste products that pose significant environmental risks, including water pollution, non-biodegradable solids, hazardous emissions, and unpleasant odors. However, this study introduces a simple effective alternative method for industrial-scale vegetable tanning, with the goal of minimizing pollution. This innovative eliminates use common salt substantially reduces consumption. The benefits new approach are remarkable. It has led to 70% reduction usage, 25% decrease energy consumption, complete elimination chloride discharge. These changes have also contributed notable 60-70% treatment expenses. Furthermore, leathers produced using exhibit comparable physical, chemical, sensory properties those through conventional practices. eco-friendly not only addresses concerns but offers economic advantages, making it sustainable choice processes.